Metabolism Is Energy !

Metabolism—-is defined as the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalized reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments.

Metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions such as digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells.

In sum Metabolism, refers to all the physical and chemical processes in the body that convert or use energy :

• breathing
• circulating blood
• controlling body temperature
• contracting muscles
• digesting food
• eliminating waste through urine and feces
• functioning of the brain and nerves…and more

Metabolism consists : in Catabolism and Anabolism which are the buildup and breakdown of substances.

Cell Metabolism is a living cell in a person’s body.

In Catabolism— the body processes food to use for energy. It uses large compounds to create smaller compounds, releasing energy in the process. And catabolism provides the energy our bodies needs for physical activity, from cellular processes to body movements. Catabolic reactions in the cells, breakdown polymers (long chain of molecules) into their monomers (single units). Examples:

• Poysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides—starch is broken down into glucose.
• Nucleic Acids are broken down into nucleotides. Nucleic acids such as those that make up DNA, are broken down to purines, pyrimidines, and pentose sugars. All these are involved in the body’s energy supply.
• Protein are broken down into amino acids or sometimes in glucose.

In Anabolism— person’s body use food to repair or build cells. Allows the body to grow new cells and maintain all the tissues.  Example: the grow and mineralization of bone and increases in muscle mass.

Anabolic Hormones include:

• Growth Hormone—- is a hormone made by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth.
• Insulin—-is a hormone made by the pancreas, which regulates the level of sugar glucose in the blood. Cells cannot utilise glucose without Insulin.
• Testosterone—-is a hormone responsible to the development of male sex characteristics, such as deeper voice and facial hair. Also strengthens muscles and bone.
• Estrogen—-is a hormone involved in strengthening bone mass, as well developing female characteristics, such as breasts.

When we eat, our body breakdown nutrients which releases energy, and is stored in molecules of adenosine triphosphate-ATP in the body. This energy stored in ATP is the fuel for anabolic reactions.

What is Metabolic State?

There are 2 metabolic states:

Absorptive:

When the person’s body consumes nutrients and absorbs them. Consequently it uses some of them to meet their immediate needs and converts excess nutrients into energy that is stored. The hormone Insulin regules this absorptive state. As a result, promoting absorption of glucose or blood sugar, amino acids, glucose oxidation, synthesis of fat and glycogen. Due these uptake of glucose a person’s blood sugar falls, due insulin.

The Post-Absorptive State:

Occurs during the late morning, afternoon and overnight, when a person doesn’t eaten for 4 or more hours. The digestive system is inactive. The stomach and small intestines are empty and their metabolic requirements must be met from energy that has been stored.

What is Body Weight?

Body weight is a result of catabolism minus anabolism. The amount that the energy releases into the body (catabolism) minus the amount of energy the body use up (anabolism). The excess energy is stored as fat or glycogen in the muscles and liver. Glycogen is the main storage form of glucose.

BMI (Body Mass Index) is a way to calculate ideal body weight ranges for age and height.

Standard weight status:

• below 18.5 —————-Underweight
• 18.5 – 24.9 —————- Normal or healthy weight
• 25.0 – 29.9 —————- Overweight
• 30.0 – +     —————– Obese

How to calculate? —-  Adult BMI Calculator

What is Metabolic Rate ?

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the minimum of calories our body needs to sustain life while resting. Pumping blood, respiration, body temperature, burn calories, sleeping etc…

BMR determines how many calories we need to maintain, lose or gain weight. A person’s BMR is determined by genetic factors and environmental. BMR  decreases with age and loss of lean body mass. After 20 years old, about 2% each decade. Muscle mass drops, resulting in a higher fat muscle requirement .

Reduced requirement in calories are influenced by these age-related factors:

• Men – produce less testosterone, which is involved in anabolic processes that consume energy.
• Women – in menopause there is a drop in hormones like estrogen, that promote energy use.
• Sex – an average man have a higher metabolic rate than women, and burns more calories.
• Physical activity – older people tend to be less physically active than when they are young.

How to boost your metabolism ?

First : Exercise more…no matter how much exercise you do, the important thing is to do. Walking, jogging, lifting weight, riding a bike, are all valid.

Second : Getting enough sleep…lack of sleep can lead a disturbance in neuroendocrine control of appetite and may induce to insulin resistance and diabetes 2.

Third : Changing diet and nutrition…more attention on plant-based diet, which is composed for vegetables, legumes, green leafs, olive oil, avocados and fruits.

Having a high level of metabolism, enables one to burn off fat and loose weight quickly with smallest amount of activity. There are elements that impact the metabolism of an individual. For example the amount of muscle tissue, frequency of the meals one eats, genetics, stress levels, activeness levels and personal diet.

Don’t forget of increase your water consumption : The majority of bodily process involves water.

What is Metabolic Syndrome ?

Metabolic Syndrome is a combination of disorders that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes type 2.

Characteristics :

• Fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance
• High blood pressure
• Visceral fat deposits
• Excess body fat around the waist ( Apple and Pear body shapes )                             
• Abnormal cholesterol and triglycerides levels
• Decreased HDL cholesterol

Having just one of these conditions doesn’t mean you have metabolic syndrome. But probably you have a greater risk of diseases. If you develop more of these conditions, your risk rises even higher.

 Aggressive lifestyle changes can prevent the development of metabolic syndrome or even reverse. Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to overweight and inactivity. And is also linked with Insulin Resistance, which cells don’t respond normally to insulin, and glucose can’t enter the cells as easily, and your blood sugar levels rise.

by Helena

   Naturalize Yourself !

Ref:

Mayoclinic.org

Medicalnewstoday.com

Khitan Z, Kim DH, Fructose: a key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and hypertension,J Nutrients Metabolism.2013;2013:682673

 Mercola.com

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